People with Emery—Dreifuss muscular dystrophy often develop heart problems by age 30 and may need a pacemaker to keep the heart working properly. Distal muscular dystrophy affects the muscles of the hands, feet, lower arms, and lower legs, and first appears in men and women between the ages of 40 and It generally affects fewer muscles and progresses more slowly than other forms of muscular dystrophy.
This type of muscular dystrophy affects the muscles of the eyelids, face, and throat, and it can weaken vision and swallowing. Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy usually appears in men and women ages 40 to Collagen type VI-related disorders are a spectrum of muscle disorders that can be present from infancy to adulthood. Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy is a more severe, early onset form of the condition, whereas Bethlem myopathy tends to be diagnosed in older children and adults.
We can help you find a doctor. Call or browse our specialists. If you need help accessing our website, call Skip to main content. Types of Muscular Dystrophy. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common type of muscular dystrophy diagnosed in childhood.
Becker Muscular Dystrophy Becker muscular dystrophy is very similar to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, but it progresses much more slowly and is less common. Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Congenital muscular dystrophies are a group of more than 30 types of muscular dystrophy affecting both boys and girls.
Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy Myotonic muscular dystrophy is the most common form of muscular dystrophy diagnosed in adults. Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy affects the muscles of the upper arms, upper legs, shoulders, and hips.
Some types are named for the affected muscles, including the following: Type Age at onset Symptoms, rate of progression, and life expectancy Becker Teen to early adulthood Symptoms are almost the same as Duchenne, but less severe.
Congenital Birth Symptoms include general muscle weakness and possible joint deformities. Duchenne Ages 2 to 6 Symptoms include general muscle weakness and wasting. Distal Ages 40 to 60 Symptoms include weakness and wasting of muscles of the hands, forearms, and lower legs.
Emery-Dreifuss Childhood to early teens Symptoms include weakness and wasting of shoulder, upper arm, and shin muscles. Facioscapulohumeral Childhood to early adults Symptoms include facial muscle weakness and weakness with some wasting of shoulders and upper arms. Limb-Girdle Late childhood to middle age Symptoms include weakness and wasting, affecting shoulder girdle and pelvic girdle first.
Myotonic Ages 20 to 40 Symptoms include weakness of all muscle groups and delayed relaxation of muscles after contraction. Oculopharyngeal Ages 40 to 70 Symptoms affect muscles of eyelids and throat causing weakening of throat muscles. What are other neuromuscular diseases? Age at onset. Symptoms, rate of progression, and life expectancy. Teen to early adulthood. Childhood to early teens.
The symptoms tend to progress slowly and include a loss of fine motor skills and difficulty walking. Most people, both male and female, are diagnosed with distal muscular dystrophy between the ages of 40 and Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy tends to affect more boys than girls.
This type of muscular dystrophy usually begins in childhood. Most individuals with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy die in mid-adulthood from heart or lung failure. Treatments depend on your symptoms. Therapy has proven to be effective. You can strengthen your muscles and maintain your range of motion using physical therapy. Occupational therapy can help you:. The aldolase test measures how much of the enzyme aldolase you have in your blood.
High levels can be a sign of muscle or liver damage. Learn more…. Myasthenia gravis is a rare neuromuscular disorder that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles — the muscles your body uses for movement. It results…. A muscle biopsy is a relatively simple procedure that removes a small sample of tissue for testing in a laboratory. The test can help your doctor see…. The Tensilon test is used to help diagnose myasthenia gravis.
Here's what to expect if your doctor recommends this test. Learn more. The vagus nerve is the longest of the 12 cranial nerves. Here, learn about its anatomy, functions, and the kinds of health problems that can occur. Some of these gene changes are inherited from a parent. Some of them are new changes that occur early in development.
Spontaneous gene changes are not inherited, but they can be passed on to the next generation. Some of these types of muscular dystrophy are further divided into sub-types. For example, there are more than 20 types of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.
From one type of muscular dystrophy to another, there is variation in:. Duchenne muscular dystrophy DMD and Becker muscular dystrophy BMD are often discussed together because they cause similar patterns of weakness and are inherited in the same way.
These conditions are caused by an alteration in the DMD gene. This gene is responsible for the production of a large protein dystrophin which provides a scaffold structure to muscle fibres. This protects them from damage during muscle contraction. Without this protein the muscles gradually break down.
DMD mostly affects boys, but girls can be affected too. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is not usually noticeable before the age of two or three. Symptoms and signs include:. The rate of muscle degeneration in people with Becker muscular dystrophy BMD varies greatly between individuals. Signs and symptoms of the condition are similar to those of DMD, but are usually milder and more varied. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy FSH is a form of muscular dystrophy that affects the face and shoulders.
It is generally considered less serious than other forms of muscular dystrophy. This condition gets its name from the areas of the body that are affected most often — the muscles:. Some muscle groups on one side of the body are stronger than those on the other side. Onset of FSH can occur in infants, but symptoms may appear at any time from childhood until someone is in their 50s. Typical facial features of FSH include:. In severe early-onset FSH, deafness is a common symptom. Changes also occur in the eyes, although this seldom affects vision.
However, people with FSH should have their eyes checked regularly. Other issues faced by people with FSH include:. Due to the understated and variable nature of FSH symptoms, health professionals are sometimes challenged to identify the condition. This is where genetic testing can quickly assist with a diagnosis. On average, FSH muscular dystrophy progresses slowly and the level of severity eventually seems to plateau level off.
In very mild cases, it may not be possible to detect that the disease is progressing. Myotonic dystrophy is the most common adult form of muscular dystrophy.
It is also known as Steinert's disease and dystrophia myotonica. Unlike the other muscular dystrophies, the muscle weakness is accompanied by myotonia delayed relaxation of muscles after contraction and by various other non-muscular symptoms. The first muscles to be affected by weakness are those of the face, neck, hands, forearms, and feet.
Myotonic dystrophy can affect the tissues and organs of many body systems. The effects can include:. Fifty per cent of people with myotonic dystrophy show visible signs by about twenty years of age. But a significant number do not develop clear-cut symptoms until after age fifty. When myotonic dystrophy is suspected because it is present in other members of the family , careful examination may reveal typical features before obvious symptoms appear. Myotonic dystrophy is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
This means that the condition can be caused by inheriting just one copy of the altered gene. We inherit one copy of each gene from our mother and father.
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