If you continue with this browser, you may see unexpected results. Tools for Effective Writing Everything you need to become successful in your academic writing. Toggle Dropdown Grammarly Interlibrary Loan. Thru the Bible. Volume IV. Nashville, Tennessee: Thomas Nelson Publishers, Nelson's Pocket Reference. Nelson's Pocket Bible Dictionary. Tenney, Merrill C. The Zondervan Pictorial Bible Dictionary. Many of your courses in school require you to submit written research reports.
For instance, the following link takes you to the Bedford Bibliography of Research in Online Writing Instruction , in which a variety of contributors documented and annotated over scholarly articles on the topic of online writing instruction published in the last 25 years. When teachers ask students to write annotated bibliographies, though, they are doing it for different reasons:.
To write about any subject matter, a person needs to be informed about it. Then, only after writing whatever it is they can come up with on their own do they eventually add in some stuff from sources they were told to find, merely using those sources to prove or back up what they already wrote.
The result of this is that some students write some really weak essays. They are weak because they begin writing the essay before they even knew very much about their topic. Moreover, they may only look at sources that convey perspectives they already agree with, never bothering to form a fresh perspective by listening to the voices coming from all sides of an issue. In short, the ideas and opinions they express in their essays end up being uninformed and uneducated.
By writing an annotated bibliography, you are taking time to select sources on their own merits, assessing their relevance and credibility on your topic, before you attempt to make use of them. Moreover, research should be used by students to become more genuinely knowledgeable about the subject matter they research. Not until one is more knowledgeable about their topic should they begin to develop a thesis, a perspective, on that topic to write about.
Thus, writing an annotated bibliography is a way to ensure that you have become sufficiently knowledgeable about your topic before you try to write about it; it is a way to make sure you are writing from a stance of expertise on the subject matter, which is a much more authoritative and persuasive stance from which to write. To acknowledge a source in your paper, place a superscript number raised slightly above the line immediately after the end punctuation of a sentence containing the quotation, paraphrase, or summary—as, for example, at the end of this sentence.
In the footnote or endnote itself, use the same number, but do not raise or superscript it; put a period and one space after the number. The first line of each note is indented five spaces from the left margin. Publishers often prefer notes to be double spaced. If a single paragraph of your paper contains several references from the same author, it is permissible to use one number after the last quotation, paraphrase, or summary to indicate the source for all of the material used in that paragraph.
Please notice the order of the items in each note as well as the punctuation. The first time a work is cited, full information is given author, title, volume, publication information, page, etc.
Paul S. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, , Author First name Middle initial. Last name, Book title , number ed. Publisher city: Publisher, year , page number. Author First name Last name, Book title Original publisher city: Original publisher, original year; repr. First author first name Last name and Second author first name Last name, Book title Publisher city: Publisher, year , page number. First author first name Last name, Second author first name Last name, and Third author first name Last name, Book title Publisher city: Publisher, year , page number.
Anne Ellen Geller et al. First author first name Last name et al. Anthology title , Publisher city: Publisher, year page number. If the author is unknown but a particular writer is strongly suspected, you can put a question mark after the bracketed name. Organization name, Book title Publisher city: Publisher, year , page number. Henry Louis Gates and Nellie Y. McKay, eds.
First editor first name Middle name Last name and Second editor first name Middle initial. Last name, eds. First editor first name Last name and Second editor first name Last name Publisher city: Publisher, year , page number. Reviewer first name Middle name Last name, review of Reviewed work , by Author of reviewed work first name Last name, Journal in which review appears volume number year : page number. Interviewee first name Last name, interview by Interviewer name, City, State initials, Month day, year of interview.
Coie et al. First author Last name et al. In the bibliography, you would only cite the Greenberg, Domitrovich, and Bumbarger text. William Shakespeare, Othello , dir. Author of work performed, Title , dir. Director First name Last name, Performing company, City of performance, Month day, year of performance. This is because, unless it has been recorded, a live performance cannot be located and reviewed by the reader.
Sara M.
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